My tupp'orth:
'submissive' is an adjective, 'slave' is a noun.
A 'slave' (in the context we're talking about here) must be 'submissive' by thier very nature, albeit at one extreme of 'submissivness'. To the extent of being micromanaged and having no 'free-will' as has been mentioned before.
A 'sub' on the otherhand, while 'submissive' is not at that extreme end of the scale. They are someone to whom it means "being open and vulnerable" (thanks for the quote) but still in control of and for themselves.
There, it took a while but I think I translated what was in my head into English *lol*